1 00:00:34,908 --> 00:00:38,658 Our perceptions of the Amazon they are mostly mythical. 2 00:00:44,076 --> 00:00:49,545 But in Amazonia, reality is more incredible than mythology 3 00:01:14,370 --> 00:01:20,248 Amazon 4 00:01:23,297 --> 00:01:25,468 South America has the largest rivers 5 00:01:25,508 --> 00:01:29,222 The biggest forests, the longest mountain range 6 00:01:29,262 --> 00:01:34,350 And the greatest diversity of life of all continents on earth 7 00:01:37,397 --> 00:01:39,234 Rivers from five countries 8 00:01:39,274 --> 00:01:42,778 They pour into large flooded areas equatorial Brazil 9 00:01:42,820 --> 00:01:48,620 Forming the largest mobile mass of fresh water in the world 10 00:01:48,659 --> 00:01:51,829 The Amazon River is flowing towards the rising sun 11 00:01:51,872 --> 00:01:58,088 With a fifth continental waters on the planet 12 00:02:24,534 --> 00:02:30,292 Among the distant springs of the Amazon there is the timeless land of the Incas 13 00:02:30,333 --> 00:02:35,427 People of the Kallawaya tribe they were doctors of royal families 14 00:02:35,548 --> 00:02:41,763 In the ancient days of the empire bigger than Rome 15 00:02:42,782 --> 00:02:51,059 Even today the Kallaways travel through Andes heals people with magic and herbs. 16 00:03:07,334 --> 00:03:13,133 Julio Mamani will follow the tradition of his people 17 00:03:13,174 --> 00:03:18,991 It saddened me when there were no herbs or magic to save my mother when she got sick 18 00:03:22,101 --> 00:03:26,564 �apat in pukina, a secret language Inca 19 00:03:26,607 --> 00:03:31,544 The secrets of the art of healing pass with generation after generation 20 00:03:38,953 --> 00:03:43,517 I vowed to go to the tropics The mind under our mountains 21 00:03:43,834 --> 00:03:46,928 And come back with plants that �e increase our power 22 00:03:47,048 --> 00:03:50,443 For treating diseases and prolonging life 23 00:04:06,987 --> 00:04:10,200 Acomani god of mountains and our people 24 00:04:10,239 --> 00:04:12,576 He watches over the kayaways 25 00:04:12,617 --> 00:04:17,134 And it does it from the earliest beginnings 26 00:04:21,296 --> 00:04:27,756 He said the water would come from his glacier flows into a large river 27 00:04:28,762 --> 00:04:31,480 Drinking an old melted glacier rejuvenates 28 00:04:32,472 --> 00:04:37,585 Since I was in tropical forests I could would trade glacier water as an unknown elixir 29 00:04:37,619 --> 00:04:40,234 To prolong life. 30 00:05:49,606 --> 00:05:53,327 The Incas once moved to the highlands where the sources of the rivers are 31 00:05:53,791 --> 00:05:56,341 Hollow out some of the deepest canyons on earth 32 00:06:16,443 --> 00:06:19,560 Machu Pichu, the lost city of the Incas 33 00:06:20,352 --> 00:06:25,951 It is located 300 kilometers away from Mamani's home 34 00:06:49,593 --> 00:06:54,477 Below the castle, the Urubamba River cuts through the canyon 35 00:06:55,349 --> 00:06:57,263 In a hurry to join The Amazons 36 00:07:47,917 --> 00:07:52,415 In a few short kilometers from mountain peaks to tropical forests 37 00:07:52,456 --> 00:07:59,916 The traveler passes through so many ecological ones zone as in a journey from the North Pole to the Equator. 38 00:08:23,032 --> 00:08:27,242 Under the mountains the trees become an endless sea of greenery 39 00:08:39,802 --> 00:08:44,326 dr. Mark Plotkin is also a doctor 40 00:08:45,066 --> 00:08:47,686 Like Mamani, he is looking for plants 41 00:08:47,729 --> 00:08:50,650 Which will cure human diseases 42 00:08:50,789 --> 00:08:54,452 He is an ethno-botanist 43 00:08:54,494 --> 00:09:00,498 He hopes to find cures for diseases which western medicine has not discovered 44 00:09:08,111 --> 00:09:12,755 There is a significant connection between plants and intelligent people 45 00:09:13,174 --> 00:09:18,696 Practically every useful medicinal or the agricultural plant came from the rainforest 46 00:09:18,722 --> 00:09:21,439 Where the natives first found it 47 00:09:26,774 --> 00:09:31,851 dr. Plotkin is afraid that some would species could disappear 48 00:09:32,680 --> 00:09:35,877 Before discovering their medicinal properties 49 00:09:45,979 --> 00:09:48,632 In our search for new ways treatment 50 00:09:48,673 --> 00:09:53,884 Amazon is one of the best places to search. 51 00:10:10,498 --> 00:10:13,084 On LaCueva de las Sechusas 52 00:10:13,128 --> 00:10:16,244 I can reach the edge of the legendary forest 53 00:10:22,755 --> 00:10:27,192 It looks like a mystical entrance to me in the mind behind 54 00:10:36,561 --> 00:10:40,502 Mamani reached the plains of Amazonia 55 00:10:41,943 --> 00:10:48,160 Regions almost large enough to cover the surface of the moon 56 00:10:54,292 --> 00:10:59,370 The Amazon region is home to the largest diversity on the planet. 57 00:11:19,069 --> 00:11:21,363 For millions of years 58 00:11:21,406 --> 00:11:27,127 Environmental conditions are favorable for the development of a rich life 59 00:12:00,635 --> 00:12:03,801 The canopy is largely unexplored 60 00:12:05,641 --> 00:12:11,585 Its upper part where most lives the girl is hardly touched 61 00:12:17,880 --> 00:12:20,884 It reaches 15 meters 62 00:12:20,926 --> 00:12:29,349 And it is up to 30,000 cubic kilometers wood, water, air and greenery 63 00:12:31,020 --> 00:12:33,682 Antonio is a shaman of the Kokana tribe 64 00:12:33,924 --> 00:12:36,170 He is my friend and teacher 65 00:12:36,510 --> 00:12:42,237 His knowledge of healing properties Amazon minds are extraordinary 66 00:12:44,244 --> 00:12:54,066 No one knows how many species of living things there are they exist in 3 million square kilometers of the mind set 67 00:12:58,536 --> 00:13:05,150 The Amazon is the home of a giant ecological machine of global importance. 68 00:13:05,727 --> 00:13:10,318 a world resource at risk 69 00:13:12,159 --> 00:13:15,066 The biological diversity of the Amazon is unique. 70 00:13:17,608 --> 00:13:21,010 The only place of its kind in the world 71 00:13:27,649 --> 00:13:30,466 In the light and in the water 72 00:13:30,798 --> 00:13:33,693 There are millions of different species 73 00:13:33,734 --> 00:13:36,950 And a lot more, maybe even unknown 74 00:14:48,696 --> 00:14:52,692 Sloth called perezoso in Spanish 75 00:14:52,733 --> 00:14:55,532 It swims like most quadrupeds 76 00:14:57,973 --> 00:15:02,290 The jaguar often crosses the water 77 00:15:03,997 --> 00:15:10,375 With its 250 kilograms, the tapir is the largest a land animal native to South America 78 00:15:20,800 --> 00:15:24,976 In the middle of the year, the Amazon rises to its maximum water level 79 00:15:24,988 --> 00:15:31,403 Almost 14 meters higher than the minimum in November 80 00:15:32,554 --> 00:15:38,107 With the flood, the water world covers once dry earth 81 00:15:43,124 --> 00:15:47,255 Pirarucu is one of the main fish specialties of the Amazon 82 00:15:47,296 --> 00:15:49,674 It can reach a length of 2 meters and 90 kilograms of weight 83 00:15:57,517 --> 00:16:04,364 Pipato is almost invisible until it is fed 84 00:16:14,753 --> 00:16:19,169 An electric eel causes death with a shock of 500 volts 85 00:16:24,039 --> 00:16:28,356 Piranhas have the sharpest teeth of all predatory fish 86 00:16:49,202 --> 00:16:55,539 Of all the creatures of the Amazon, pink the dolphin is the most famous 87 00:17:24,743 --> 00:17:30,246 Thousands of kilometers of waterways remain the primary means of travel in the Amazon 88 00:18:37,603 --> 00:18:40,166 River people known as Kabokos 89 00:18:41,207 --> 00:18:43,234 Part Indians, part Portuguese 90 00:18:43,575 --> 00:18:46,503 Sometimes mixed with Africans 91 00:18:46,547 --> 00:18:51,274 Many are skilled with herbal remedies like Callaway 92 00:18:51,273 --> 00:18:54,273 We have a lot to learn from each other 93 00:19:38,648 --> 00:19:43,239 In our village, we use Kebowei to stop bleeding 94 00:19:43,880 --> 00:19:49,097 Here they showed me how to cover the wound leaves that will clot the blood 95 00:19:52,239 --> 00:19:58,255 Most of the drugs they use kobokosi comes from the Indians 96 00:20:17,593 --> 00:20:23,279 We know that fungi give the world Penicillin and other antibiotics 97 00:20:23,741 --> 00:20:29,958 But the potential of tropical phunga remains largely unknown 98 00:20:40,236 --> 00:20:45,130 The Amazon has been around for millions of years uninhabited by people 99 00:20:45,150 --> 00:20:48,013 The Indians arrived during the last ice age 100 00:20:48,053 --> 00:20:52,027 which ended several thousand years ago 101 00:20:53,568 --> 00:20:57,314 After the Europeans arrived 500 years ago 102 00:20:57,355 --> 00:21:00,243 In search of land, slaves and gold 103 00:21:00,083 --> 00:21:04,300 The Indiginous people flee deeper into wilderness 104 00:21:16,346 --> 00:21:21,250 More than 400 tribes have been identified in the Amazon basin 105 00:21:21,575 --> 00:21:26,291 Others may have remained undiscovered 106 00:21:29,202 --> 00:21:40,113 Without feeling for time without future, They live hidden and imprisoned in the past 107 00:21:46,397 --> 00:21:54,150 By late 1943, the upper ridge of the river Xingu was largely unexplored 108 00:21:54,847 --> 00:21:58,395 Orlando Villas Boas and his brothers they leave Sao Polo with an expedition named 109 00:21:58,433 --> 00:22:01,964 Xingu River Adventure 110 00:22:02,705 --> 00:22:06,527 Some things only happen once in the history of the world 111 00:22:06,569 --> 00:22:08,616 It was a moment in time that cannot be repeated. 112 00:22:10,157 --> 00:22:13,619 After three years and 3000 km paths cut with machetes 113 00:22:13,660 --> 00:22:20,298 We came across for the first time the Indian population of the upper Xingu 114 00:22:22,630 --> 00:22:30,888 Very little was known about them and they knew enough about the outside world to remain hidden as centuries before 115 00:22:41,986 --> 00:22:49,931 The Villas Boas brothers met with approval for success in delaying the advancement of civilization in Xing 116 00:22:50,954 --> 00:22:57,450 In the era when they were overpowered by of road builders, malaria and years 117 00:22:57,670 --> 00:23:02,386 Their dream of survival of the Indians has remained 118 00:23:33,687 --> 00:23:39,287 Sydney Possuelo was carried away by the legendary by the work of Bra�e Villas Boas 119 00:23:39,787 --> 00:23:49,287 Sydney's task is to find the isolated one tribes and legally keep Indian protected land 120 00:24:25,872 --> 00:24:30,120 North of the main stream of the Amazon 121 00:24:30,161 --> 00:24:33,209 There lives a tribe of Indians known as the Zo� 122 00:24:34,749 --> 00:24:39,710 I believe that Indians should be visited only when it is necessary for their protection 123 00:24:39,762 --> 00:24:40,706 That's the dilemma 124 00:24:40,749 --> 00:24:43,676 Shall we isolate them? 125 00:24:43,717 --> 00:24:45,882 or let's share the technology of our modern world? 126 00:24:48,523 --> 00:24:52,429 Sydney is the first to be contacted Zo� 127 00:24:53,229 --> 00:24:56,429 Only recently has their presence become known 128 00:26:04,761 --> 00:26:07,056 I'm glad I didn't encounter mosquitoes, malaria and diseases 129 00:26:07,097 --> 00:26:14,313 Except for the woman with a toothache that her granddaughter treated with medicinal herbs 130 00:26:17,819 --> 00:26:22,128 There is a rumor that the Zo� have encountered people who live in the north 131 00:26:22,131 --> 00:26:25,204 A tribe unknown to us 132 00:26:26,744 --> 00:26:31,372 Several of them decided to show me where foreigners are seen 133 00:26:43,297 --> 00:26:48,668 First we meet the jaguar hunters, which the Zo� call Potura 134 00:26:48,771 --> 00:26:53,188 Because of the ornate jaw, I'm going to break it with wood They wear it all the time 135 00:26:56,063 --> 00:26:57,932 We don't know who the strangers might be 136 00:26:57,972 --> 00:26:59,967 But if they really exist 137 00:27:00,009 --> 00:27:01,745 If they are really there 138 00:27:01,786 --> 00:27:07,039 Gold seekers heading towards the Cuminapanema River could meet them 139 00:27:08,585 --> 00:27:12,007 Zo� do not travel to the forbidden north 140 00:27:12,047 --> 00:27:15,010 They say that a tribe of giants lives there 141 00:27:15,052 --> 00:27:20,469 And the hills of Cuminapanema touch stars 142 00:27:27,023 --> 00:27:30,135 If there really are unknown people on the northern plateau 143 00:27:30,178 --> 00:27:32,281 I would like to leave them alone 144 00:27:32,623 --> 00:27:38,040 But it is important that those who care for them be the first to visit them 145 00:28:01,931 --> 00:28:06,247 Mamani's search led him to the territory of the Yagua Indians 146 00:28:13,569 --> 00:28:17,916 The Yagu have contact with the outside world several hundred years 147 00:28:17,958 --> 00:28:22,169 They are a large tribe, known for herbal medicines 148 00:30:04,121 --> 00:30:08,121 The bird was killed by poison 149 00:30:10,421 --> 00:30:15,138 It is an exotic liquid made from herbs from herbs and is called curare 150 00:30:18,254 --> 00:30:26,390 Kurare is a secret mixture of flowers and petal in different ways of many tribes of the Amazon 151 00:30:27,734 --> 00:30:34,013 Dr. Mark Plotkin has been for years fascinated by the mysterious curare of poisons 152 00:30:34,077 --> 00:30:36,871 Each tribe has its own recipe for Kurara 153 00:30:38,512 --> 00:30:41,116 I believe that some of them will bring us to new ways of treatment 154 00:30:41,257 --> 00:30:47,102 In the hands of Western doctors Curare has already become a very important medicine 155 00:30:47,122 --> 00:30:49,333 One type is used for muscle relaxation 156 00:30:49,374 --> 00:30:51,047 The second for heart diseases 157 00:30:54,588 --> 00:31:02,133 What western scientists rejected we have discovered that it has a real therapeutic effect 158 00:31:04,558 --> 00:31:09,695 Plotkin and other ethnobotanists hope so that he will research and document as many plants as possible 159 00:31:10,624 --> 00:31:12,944 Before the shaman's knowledge is lost 160 00:31:23,898 --> 00:31:29,168 Learning the jealously guarded secrets of original amana requires sincere friendship 161 00:31:29,772 --> 00:31:31,063 And mutual trust 162 00:32:16,733 --> 00:32:22,805 Trading medicine, music and magic for the things I need, it allowed me to move freely 163 00:32:27,077 --> 00:32:32,088 Over long distances and exchange drugs by driving very fast 164 00:32:32,159 --> 00:32:34,176 It is a very good trade 165 00:32:43,248 --> 00:32:48,989 There are vegetable markets in cities along the way the entire Amazon and its tributaries 166 00:32:49,030 --> 00:32:56,944 Herbs with true healing properties it stands next to untested elixirs and potions 167 00:32:58,015 --> 00:33:04,132 Julio Mamani and Dr. Plotkin are doctors from different worlds 168 00:33:04,172 --> 00:33:07,276 But there is a common search for them 169 00:33:07,618 --> 00:33:11,640 Both are in search of healing the secrets of the Amazon 170 00:33:11,681 --> 00:33:15,898 Everyone tries to improve their health human species 171 00:33:23,645 --> 00:33:28,949 And for a moment 172 00:33:32,273 --> 00:33:35,088 Two distant worlds are one 173 00:33:40,239 --> 00:33:42,775 It's time to go back 174 00:33:42,817 --> 00:33:47,721 I traded melted ice for God mountains for medicines from the big �uma 175 00:33:48,991 --> 00:33:51,601 I traded in my flute for the long drive back 176 00:33:53,343 --> 00:33:57,224 I will miss the beauty of the Amazon and her many creatures 177 00:33:57,860 --> 00:34:02,276 I saw wonderful things to apologize to his people 178 00:35:56,589 --> 00:35:58,291 I will come back one day 179 00:35:58,331 --> 00:35:59,342 If not me 180 00:35:59,382 --> 00:36:01,043 Maybe my son 181 00:36:01,384 --> 00:36:02,986 There is so much to learn 182 00:36:03,029 --> 00:36:05,076 And so little time 183 00:36:06,617 --> 00:36:12,087 No shaman or scientist has discovered A magical elixir to end all suffering 184 00:36:12,482 --> 00:36:15,001 But everyone gained new knowledge 185 00:36:15,042 --> 00:36:20,063 And discovered medicines that will improve the health of the human species 186 00:36:20,282 --> 00:36:23,189 The Amazon quest has only just begun.